snakes of pennsylvania identification: 10 Species You Might Meet
Imagine you’re out on a hike in the beautiful Pennsylvania wilderness, enjoying the fresh air and the sounds of nature. Suddenly, you spot a slithering creature in the underbrush. Is it a harmless garter snake or a venomous copperhead? Knowing how to identify snakes of Pennsylvania can make the difference between a peaceful walk and a potentially dangerous encounter. In this article, we’ll explore 10 common snake species you might come across and provide tips on how to identify them. Whether you’re a nature enthusiast or just want to stay safe on your next outdoor adventure, this guide is for you.
Eastern Garter Snake
The Eastern Garter Snake is one of the most common snakes in Pennsylvania. These snakes are typically 18 to 26 inches long and have a distinctive pattern of yellow stripes running down their backs. They are non-venomous and generally harmless to humans. Eastern Garter Snakes are often found in grassy areas near water, such as meadows and fields. They feed on small animals like frogs, toads, and earthworms.
- Length: 18-26 inches
- Distinctive yellow stripes
- Non-venomous and harmless to humans
Copperhead
The Copperhead is a venomous snake that can be found throughout Pennsylvania. These snakes are easily recognizable by their copper-colored heads and hourglass-shaped bands across their bodies. Copperheads are typically 2 to 3 feet long and are often found in wooded areas near water. While their venom is potent, bites are rarely fatal if treated promptly. If you encounter a Copperhead, it’s best to keep your distance and avoid provoking the snake.
- Length: 2-3 feet
- Copper-colored head and hourglass-shaped bands
- Potent venom, but bites are rarely fatal
Eastern Milk Snake
The Eastern Milk Snake is a non-venomous snake that is often mistaken for the venomous Copperhead due to its similar coloration. However, Eastern Milk Snakes have a more distinct pattern of red and black bands with a white or yellowish belly. These snakes are typically 20 to 30 inches long and are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, fields, and even suburban areas. They feed on small rodents and other snakes.
- Length: 20-30 inches
- Distinctive red and black bands
- Non-venomous and often mistaken for Copperheads
Eastern Rat Snake
The Eastern Rat Snake is a large, non-venomous snake that can grow up to 6 feet long. These snakes are often found in forests, fields, and even in attics and barns. They are excellent climbers and are known to eat rodents, birds, and eggs. Eastern Rat Snakes are generally docile and will try to escape rather than confront a human. However, if provoked, they can bite, so it’s best to give them space.
- Length: Up to 6 feet
- Excellent climbers and rodent hunters
- Docile and non-venomous
Northern Water Snake
The Northern Water Snake is a non-venomous snake that is commonly found near water sources such as streams, ponds, and lakes. These snakes can grow up to 4 feet long and have a brown or gray body with dark bands. They are excellent swimmers and feed on fish, frogs, and other aquatic animals. While they may appear aggressive when threatened, they are not venomous and will usually flee if given the chance.
- Length: Up to 4 feet
- Found near water sources
- Excellent swimmers and non-venomous
Timber Rattlesnake
The Timber Rattlesnake is a venomous snake that is found in Pennsylvania, particularly in rocky hillsides and forests. These snakes can grow up to 4 feet long and have a distinctive rattle at the end of their tails. They are known for their potent venom, which can be dangerous if not treated promptly. If you encounter a Timber Rattlesnake, it’s best to keep your distance and avoid provoking the snake.
- Length: Up to 4 feet
- Distinctive rattle at the end of their tails
- Potent venom, but bites are rare
Eastern Hognose Snake
The Eastern Hognose Snake is a non-venomous snake that is known for its unique behavior. When threatened, these snakes will flatten their heads and hiss, often feigning a strike. They are typically 18 to 30 inches long and have a distinctive upturned snout. Eastern Hognose Snakes are found in sandy or dry areas and feed on toads and other amphibians. Despite their intimidating behavior, they are harmless to humans.
- Length: 18-30 inches
- Unique upturned snout
- Non-venomous and harmless to humans
Smooth Green Snake
The Smooth Green Snake is a small, non-venomous snake that is often overlooked due to its small size and green coloration. These snakes are typically 12 to 20 inches long and are found in grassy areas and meadows. They feed on insects and spiders and are often seen basking in the sun. Smooth Green Snakes are beneficial to the ecosystem as they help control insect populations.
- Length: 12-20 inches
- Green coloration and small size
- Non-venomous and beneficial to the ecosystem
Northern Ringneck Snake
The Northern Ringneck Snake is a small, non-venomous snake that is often found under rocks, logs, and other debris. These snakes are typically 10 to 15 inches long and have a distinctive yellow or orange ring around their necks. They are found in forests and wooded areas and feed on small invertebrates. Northern Ringneck Snakes are shy and rarely seen, but they are harmless to humans.
- Length: 10-15 inches
- Distinctive yellow or orange ring around the neck
- Shy and non-venomous
Eastern Ribbon Snake
The Eastern Ribbon Snake is a small, non-venomous snake that is often found near water sources such as streams and ponds. These snakes are typically 18 to 26 inches long and have a distinctive pattern of three yellow or white stripes running down their backs. They feed on small fish, frogs, and other aquatic animals. Eastern Ribbon Snakes are beneficial to the ecosystem as they help control pest populations.
- Length: 18-26 inches
- Distinctive three yellow or white stripes
- Non-venomous and beneficial to the ecosystem
Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if I encounter a venomous snake?
If you encounter a venomous snake, such as a Copperhead or Timber Rattlesnake, it’s important to keep your distance and avoid provoking the snake. Do not attempt to handle or capture the snake. If you are bitten, seek medical attention immediately. It’s also a good idea to learn the signs of a venomous snake bite, such as swelling, pain, and difficulty breathing.
Are all snakes in Pennsylvania venomous?
No, not all snakes in Pennsylvania are venomous. In fact, most snakes in the state are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. However, it’s important to be able to identify venomous snakes like the Copperhead and Timber Rattlesnake to avoid potential danger. If you’re unsure about a snake’s identity, it’s best to keep your distance and avoid handling it.
How can I protect my pets from snake bites?
To protect your pets from snake bites, it’s important to keep them on a leash when walking in areas where snakes are known to live. Avoid letting your pets explore under rocks or logs where snakes may be hiding. If you suspect your pet has been bitten by a snake, seek veterinary care immediately. It’s also a good idea to keep your yard free of debris and tall grass, which can attract snakes.
What should I do if I find a snake in my home?
If you find a snake in your home, it’s important to remain calm and avoid provoking the snake. Close the doors and windows to the room where the snake is located and call a professional wildlife removal service. Do not attempt to handle or capture the snake yourself, as this can be dangerous. It’s also a good idea to check for any potential entry points around your home and seal them to prevent future encounters.
Are there any endangered snake species in Pennsylvania?
Yes, there are several snake species in Pennsylvania that are considered endangered or threatened. These include the Timber Rattlesnake, Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake, and Northern Water Snake. It’s important to respect these species and avoid disturbing them in their natural habitats. If you encounter an endangered snake, it’s best to observe from a safe distance and report the sighting to local wildlife authorities.
Conclusion
Identifying snakes of Pennsylvania can be a fascinating and rewarding experience. By learning to recognize the 10 species discussed in this article, you can enjoy your time in the great outdoors with greater confidence and safety. Remember, most snakes are non-venomous and play an important role in the ecosystem. If you encounter a snake, keep your distance and avoid provoking it. With a little knowledge and respect, you can coexist peacefully with these fascinating creatures. Whether you’re a nature enthusiast or just want to stay safe on your next outdoor adventure, this guide to snakes of Pennsylvania identification is your go-to resource.
